Oil and compound thereof.



- UNITED STATES OFFICE.

WILLIAM N. BLAKEMAN, JR., OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

OIL AND COMPOUND THEREOF.

No Drawing,

of, which invention is fully set forth in the followin specification.

The 0 ject of this invention is to treat oils and fats in such a mannerthat their field of usefulness will be greatly broadened, and that, whenproperly compounded, they may be used for purposes in the arts for whichthey are not now adapted, namely: to fix and bind the vehicle, sometimescalled the bond, in transparent, opalescent, and opaque glac films; as amagma for comminuted vegetable, metallic, and mineral matter,'inlmoleum, oil-cloth, roofing paving, and artificial lumber manufacture;as a mastic for fatty cements and putty; andas a general, very stable,agglutinant.

The invention consists in combining with an oil or fat, or aderivativeot an oil or fat, a hydrocarbon chlorid, with or without theaddition of amorphous or comminuted matter; and by the term hydrocarbonchlorid, as used in this specification and in the claims, I intend toinclude not only chlorinated hydrocarbons, but also all chlorinatedderivatives of hydrocarbons.

Any of the drying oils, the non-drying oils, the rosin oi1s,.or theirderivatives, may be treated by my .invention. The oils pref-, erablyused are linseed, tung, cotton, sunflower, corn and menhaden, and theirderivatives.

For the formation of the hydrocarbon chlorid, the hydrocarbons which areadapted for use in my process have been classified in general as theparaffins, the olefins and the asphaltic. They are also designated in aseries according to at-omicit namely, C H for the parafiins, C for theolefins, and C H C I-I etc., for the asphaltic. While a few of thesehydrocarbons can-be formed synthetically, their most abundant source isfrom the destruct'ive distillation of' organic matter as coal and thepetroleums. From whatever source derived, it will be found economical inmy process to use. those produced on a commercial scale. Of. thesegregated hydro- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 13, 1910.

Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

Serial No. 577,098.

carbons, I prefer methylene, CH, ethylene, C,H,, benzene, C Hnaphthalene G H representing the series C,,H. and anthracene C Hrepresenting the series C H, this last being the highest atomic moleculethat has been segregated for commerce and the arts. Of the aggregatedhydrocarbons the many gravities of crude petroleum and their naturalindurations,

ozocerite and asphaltum; the distillates of petroleum and coal,including the by-products variously designated amorphous and crystallineparaftin, tailing wax, retort foots, still ends, coal-tar and the like;may all be used. Chlorin combines with all of these hydrocarbons,forming addition and substitution products, and while some of them,especially the higher atomic parafiins are refractory and indifierent tochlorin, yet by the aid of heat and light and a persistent attack, theywill yield to combination. The chlorination can be carried on until theentire hydrogen has been replaced by chlorin, and in this last reactionthe resulting compound becomes a chlorid of carbon, and may bedesignated as a perchlorid of carbon of the series to which it belongs.Both the addition and substitution derivatives can be used, eithersingly or in combination, in carrying out my invention. The higheratomic weights of the segregated hydrocarbons, such as naphthalene,anthracene and the like, and also the aggregated hydrocarbons, may bechlorinated in bulk, or mass, and used in this condition for manypurposes in my invention. without the expense of isolating the digital,or separable, chlorids contained in the mass.

In this'specification, and in the claims, where a digital additionchlorid of a segregated hydrocarbon is used, it will be so designated,thus, naphthalene tetrachlorid, addition, meaning (3 ,11 ,01 benzenehexchlorid, addition, meaning C,,H,,Cl In all other instances where adigital chlorid of a se2 -regated hydrocarbon is used. a substitutionproduct is intended and will be designated perchlorid for the highestchlorid in theseries to which it belongs, and the other digitalchlorids. mono, di. tri, tetra and so on, thus:

naphthalene perchlorid, or octochlorid of carbon of naphthalene series,meaning C Cl benzene perchlorid, or hexachlorid of carbon of benzeneseries, meaning C 01 naphthalene tetrachlorid, C I-LCh; anthracenedichlorid, meaning C,,,H ,Cl Hydrocarbons of the higher atomic molecule,either segreabout 105 Fahn, for the petroleum butters,

petroleum jellies and petrolatums, up to about 165 Fahr., for the hardercrystalline waxes.

Owing to the great abundance of naphthalene, the paraflins, and tailingwax, in commerce, they are well adapted for economic use in my process.Naphthalene is attacked with energy by chlorin, and the chlorination maybe continued until a light straw color is shown, with an increase ingravity, and a percentage of combined chlorin of about 50 to 53 percent. and may be both an addition and substitution product, or chlorid.The.

chlorination may be pressed further by the use of a carrier, such asiron or antimony, until the resulting naphthalene chlorid is of areddish straw color with a further increase of gravity and showingcombined chlorin of about per cent., indicating both an addition andsubstitution product. The use of a carrier intensifies the reaction, andthe compound increasingly carbonizes the farther the process is pushed,but at the close of the operation, a simple distillation brings off thehydrocarbon chlorid free.

Anfamorphous paraffin or petrolatum, of about 29 or 30 sp. gr. of Baumscale and 105 Fahn, m. p., may be chlorinated by a continuous run of 16lfiurs vhen a satisfactory molecular chlorination throughout the masswill be effected. A white paraffin wax of 120'12 5 Fahn, m. p., may bechlorinated by a continuous .run of about 18 hours, a satisfactorymolecular chlorination through the mass being effected. IVhite paraffinwax of about 160 165 Fahr.,m. p., may be chlo-- rinated by a continuousrun of from 20 to 22 hours. Tailing w-ax, having a great afiinity forchlorin, may be chlorinated by a run of 2 or 3 hours. The variousgravities of neutral oil may be chlorinated to a dark vinegar color by arun of one hour. All chlorin disengaged, or hydrochloric aciddischarged, can be easily recovered over water or otherwise and will bean economic factor in my process.-

to be used, may beeasily determined by of the oils or fats or theirderivatives may be used either singly or in combination, I

prefer, in most instances, to use in the COl'ne. pound a percentage oftung oil. Tung oil has a great aflinity for chlorin and the chlorids,and a compound of tung oil and hydrocarbon chlorid'may be used as abasis for drying and indurating all the oils and fats in transparent andopaque films.

The oils and'fats used in combination with as, the hydrocarbon chlorids,may be hydrated, rancidified, oxidized, or chlorinated, one or all, atany stage of the process, and by any suitable method. The chlorination,for example, may be effected by charging them with chlorin until thereaction is satisfactory as indicated by a slight precipitation ordarkening of color and a marked increase in specific gravity. Theoxidation, may be of fected in any desired way, and under this term Imean to include the elaidinizing of ,the oils which may be effected bytreating them with the oxids of nitrogen, such as nitrous acid anhydridand the trioxid of nitrogen, the action producing an analogous effect tooxidation. It may also be desirable to reinforce and fortify oils andfats which are deficient in body, gravity, and. viscosity, and this maybe accomplished by incorporating the chlorids of the higher atomichydrocarbons, from five to ten per cent. being generally sufficient forthis purose. An additional chlorid effect may also Be produced in thecompound by adding a fatty chlorid thereto, such as linseed oil chlorid,tung oil chlorid; linseed oil stearin ehlorid,tung oil stearin chlorid,or cotton oil stearin chlorid.

The selection of the hydrocarbon chlorid practice. The solid, laminated,and crystalline hydrocarbons, when chlorinated will give the besteffects for glac films, either transparent or opaque. The semi-fluid andflowing hydrocarbons, when chlorinated, may not only be used for thesame purposes, but they will also act as very economical and superiorsubstitutes for 'all present diluents, attenuants, reducers, andextenders, as they will form chemical combinations, with the oils.

The hydrocarbon chlorids, in general, unite and combine with each otherat common temperatures or by the aid of heat and light, but I havediscovered that they will unite and combine not only with oils and fatsas above described, but also with fatty and metallic chlorids, fatty andmetallic sulfids, and metallic oxids, sulfites, sulfates are especiallyadapte and carbonates. I have further discovered that the Weatheringelements have very little effect upon these chlorid combinations, andthus, all oils and fats, solid and liquid, when properly combined withhydrocarbon chlorids, can be used with all neutral, amorphous, andcomminuted matter to form very stable compounds in mass, layer andfilms. Comminuted and amorphous mineral matter, of the same, or withinreasonable limits of the same, refractive index as the fattysolution ofthese hydrocarbon chlorids, Zhch as silica, zinc, silicate, calciumsilicate,

bsidian and the like, may be used as practice shall dictate and willpreserve the transparent efi'ect. An amorphous solid substance, having asmall variation from the same refractive index, will give an opalescentglac effect; while the use of the denser pigments will give an opaqueglac effect. Lead sulfite, regarded as an unsaturated molec-ule,.I havediscovered will unite and combine with chlorids, and that itscombinations with hydrocarbon chlorids take on the characteristics of adouble salt and are permanent. The abundant white and ferrugi- 'nousclays, especially when fired sufliciently to overcome plasticity;powdered and fibrous cellulose; powdered and fibrous minerals; andcomminuted matter in general, may be aggregated into various forms withthe oils and fats, and the hydrocarbon chlorids,asa general permanentbond and agglutinant.

ommon rosin or colophony and the chea er resins, will unite and combinewith the drocarbon chlorids, the higher atomic weights being especiallyvaluable in giving brilliancy, resiliency and permanency. Some of thedigital hydrocarbon chlorids, bothaddition and substitution products,with their modifications, such as naphthalene dichlorid and naphthalenetetrachlorid addition, alpha modification, being hi hly doublerefractive to this purpose of giving brilliancy.

, Without confining myself to exact proportions, the following examplesmay be given of satisfactory compounds:

(1) parts menhaden oil; 15 arts tung oil; 10 parts tailing wax chlorid 5parts perchlorid of ethylene. I

(2)84 parts menhaden oil; 6 parts naphthalene chlorid; 10 parts tungoil.

(3)94 parts tung oil; 3 parts perchlorid ethylene; 3 parts tailing waxchlorid.

(4)92 parts tung oil; 5 parts anthrafcene chlorid, 3 parts perchloridethylene.

(5)-75 parts 'l inseed oil; 10 parts tung 011; 10 parts talhng waxchlorid; 5 parts perchlorid of ethylene.

All of the above, when properly mixed,

and'spread with a brush, will form trans- For the production of opaqueglac films,

the following are examples of satisfactory compounds:

(6)-85 parts cotton or sunflower oil; 10 parts naphthalene chlorid; 5parts tung oil; ilndl 100 parts zinc oxid or 160 parts of zinc eat.

(7 )-87 parts menhaden oil; 8 parts naphthalene chlorid; 5 parts tungoil; 160 parts zinc. lead.

(8)-80 parts menhaden oil; 15 parts petrolatum chlorid; 5 parts tungoil; 100 parts zinc oxid.

(9)92 parts menhaden oil; 5 parts naphthalene chlorid; 3 parts menhadenchlorid; 160 parts zinc lead.

(10)85 parts linseed oil; 10 parts petrolatum chlorid; 5 parts tung oil,and 100 parts of zinc oxid or 160 parts of zinc lead.

It is to be understood that the usual amount of commercial liquid drieris to be 'added in the formation of all of the above compounds.

The proportions and number of ingredients given are merely illustrativeof a wide range of proportions and ingredients which may be employed inpractice and fall within the scope of my invention.

Agitation, pressure, heat and light, may be used when deemed advisable,and the actinic effect of the are light will be found a good substitutefor the'suns rays. In applying heat for chlorination, the well-knownbaths for controlling temperatures are rec ommended instead of thedirect flame.

In the elimination of hydrochloric acid by heat or otherwise, if anytrace should remain it can be neutralized by a small quantity ofmagnesia or alumina. I

The chlorination of the hydrocarbons and especially of the higher atomicweights such as naphthalene, anthracene, paraflin, and tailing wax,seems to reduce greatly their inflammability and combustibility, in somuch that they resist for some time the application of a direct flame.This and their indifference to the weathering elements arecharacteristics that are carried with marked effect into theircombinations.

The effect produced by the hydrocarbon chlorid on the oil orfat iseasily shown when the compound is spread as a film. An oil film carryingan unchlorinated liquid hydrocarbon will exhibit, during its drying andinduration, a continued exudation of the hydrocarbon to the surface,which is readily detected by a gentle stroke of the finger; but an oilfilm carrying a liquid hydrocarbon chlorid will give no exudation andwill dry and indurate into a smooth, homogeneous cuticle. This contrastis very marked with a mixture of a drying oil film accelerated by thehigher atomic semi-liquid and solid hydrocarbons is greatly retarded,and in some cases almost entirely prevented, from drying and'indurating,while the chlorids of the same hydrocarbons accelerate the drying andindurating in a very marked degree, thus affording almost conclusiveproof of a chemical union and furnishing a strong inference that thesesubstances combine in an oxy-chloro-compound. Proper proportions must beused and, when so manipulated, the ultimate result will be a permanentsurface repellent to the weathering elements,a feature not attained inany system of oil films at present in use.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim 1. A compound ormixture of an oil or fat, or a derivative thereof, and a hydrocarbonchlorid containing two or more atoms of carbon.

2. A compound or mixture of tun'g oil and a hydrocarbon chlorid.

A compound or mixture of 'tung oil; another oil or a fat or a derivativethereof; and a' hydrocarbon chlorid.

.4. A compound or mixture of an oil or fat, or a derivative thereof, anda chlorid of naphthalene.

A compound or mixture oftung oil and a chloridof naphthalene.

6. A compound or mixture of tung oil; another oil or fat or a derivativethereof; and a chlorid of naphthalene.

7. A compound or mixture of an oil or fat; a hydrocarbon chlorid; and areinforc-' bon; and an opaque substance.

10. A compound or mixture of an oil or fat; or aderivative thereof; ahydrocarbon chloridcontaining two or more atoms of carbon; and apigment.

11. A compound or mixture of tung oil; a hydrocarbon chlorid; and anopaque substance.

12. A compound or mixture of tung oil; another oil or fat; or aderivatiye thereof; a hydrocarbon chloridpa-nd an opaque substance.

13. A compound or mixture of t-ung oil; a hydrocarbon chlorid; and apigment.

14. A compound or mixture of tung oil; another oil or fat, or aderivative thereof; a hydrocarbon chlorid; and a pigment.

15. A compound or mixture of an oil. or fat; a hydrocarbon chlorid; afatty chlorid; and an opaque substance.

16. A compound or mixture of an oil or fat; a hydrocarbon chlorid; andlead sulfite.

WM. N BLAKEMAN, JR.

Vitnsses FRANCIS P. REILLY MABEL O. FAHNEs'rooK.

